MEDICAL BIOLOGY

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Learning Outcomes

Will be able to distinguish concepts of biology and medical biology and debate the ways to follow in solving a scientific problem.
Define biology and list the sub-branches of biology.
Define Botany and Zoology and list their sub-branches.
Defines Anatomy, Physiology, Embryology, Cytology and Histology.
Defines genetics and molecular biology.
Define morphology and ecology.
Define space biology.
Defines Microbiology, Virology and Parasitology.
Define science and list the characteristics of science
Explains how to solve a scientific problem.
Describes the scientific method, scientific thought, and defines observation and hypothesis.
Explains the possible consequences of the hypothesis.
Explains the Theory (theory) and Law (law).
Defines living things and lists their distinguishing features.
Explain the concept of the cell, cell and membrane structure, and transport systems.
Define the cell and explain its general characteristics.
Compares the sizes of different cell types.
List the factors on which cell shape depends.
List and compare the features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Compares plant and animal cells.
List the functions of the cell membrane and explain its chemical structure.
Describe the membrane structure and explain the glycocalyx and its functions.
Explain the mucous membranes and Zona pellucida
Classify the differentiations on the free cell surface.
Explain the cell wall and its features.
Classify the exchange of materials.
Explain passive and active transport and list their features.
Define diffusion, explain osmosis and its results.
Explain endocytosis and exocytosis.
Discuss the importance of water for the cell and the inorganic structure of the cell.
Defines inorganic and organic structures that make up the cell.
Explain the importance of water for the cell.
Explains the function of inorganic substances in the cell.
Explain free water and its functions.
Explain bound water and its functions.
Define minerals and electrolytes, explain their functions and locations.
Explain the chemical composition of the cell and the organic molecules within it.
List the organic molecules within the cell and explain their functions within the cell.
List the basic biomolecules.
Defines lipid, carbohydrate, vitamin, enzyme and hormone.
Explains the structures of lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and hormones and lists their functions.
Discuss cell organelles and their functions.
Defines cytoplasm, lists the structures that make up the cytoplasm, and explains their functions.
Define, classify and list the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Explain microsomes.
Define the Golgi apparatus, explain its morphology, and list its functions.
Explain centriole and centrosome.
Explain the structure of mitochondria and list their functions.
Explain, classify and list the functions of plastids.
Explain the structure of the ribosome and list its functions.
Explain the structure of the lysosome, list the types of lysosomes, and explain their functions.
Explain peroxisomes, microbodies, and microtubules.
Explain the structure of the vacuole and list its functions.
Explain the structure and contents of the nucleus.
Explain the structure of nucleoplasm.
Explain the nucleolus.
Explain genetics and chromosome morphology.
Explains genetics and basic terms related to genetics.
Explain Mendel's laws, monohybrid, dihybrid and trihybrid crosses.
Describes the structure, reproduction and protein synthesis of genetic material.
Describes the structure of DNA and RNA and DNA repair mechanisms.
Explain chromosome, chromosome morphology and chromosome paintings.
Explains chromosome number and size, chromosome number changes, developing diseases and the concept of giant chromosome.
Explains mutation and mutation types.
Explain multiple allelism and related definitions.
Explains sex-linked inheritance in humans and diseases that develop due to it.
Explains the definition, causes and general characteristics of hereditary metabolic diseases.
Explain the cell cycle, cell division and reproduction.
Explain the cell cycle phases and their characteristics.
Explain the characteristics of mitosis and meiosis.
Explains the concepts of asexual and sexual reproduction and the human reproductive system.
Explain Cell Aging and Cell Death.
Describes cell senescence, aged cell morphology, and diseases that occur with aging.
Explain theories of aging.
Makes basic physiological definitions in normal aging.
Defines cell death.
Define apoptosis and cells that undergo apoptosis.
Explain the morphological changes observed in apoptotic cells and the basic methods used to detect apoptosis.
Explain plant tissues and organs.
Classify plant tissues.
Explain and classify meristem tissue.
Identify and classify continuous tissues
Explain protective, foundation, support, conduction and secretory tissues.
Define and classify plant organs.
Explain the morphology and anatomy of roots, stems and leaves.
Be able to explain photosynthesis.
Explain photosynthesis and the elements of photosynthesis.
Explain the chemical structure of chlorophyll.
Explain the reactions of photosynthesis.
Explain photosystems I and II.
Explain the factors affecting photosynthesis.
Explain animal tissues and respiration.
Identify and classify animal tissues.
Explain and classify epithelial tissue.
Explain and classify connective and supportive tissues.
Explain and classify muscle tissue.
Explains nervous tissue.
Define respiration and explain its stages.
Describe the anaerobic and aerobic respiration reactions.
Performs energy calculations in anaerobic and aerobic respiration.