BIOCHEMISTRY I

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Learning Outcomes

Water metabolism will be able to be explained
Explains water and its structure.
Defines body water compartments.
Explains the osmotic pressure of body fluids
Explains the characteristics of body water compartments
Explains the characteristics of extracellular fluids
Defines disorders of body water balance.
Will be able to explain electrolyte metabolism
Identifies the electrolyte composition of body compartments
Explains sodium metabolism.
Explains potassium metabolism.
Explains chloride metabolism.
Will be able to explain acid-base balance
Defines buffering systems in living organisms.
Explains the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffering system.
Explains intracellular buffering systems
Explains carbon dioxide and oxygen metabolism
Explains the regulation of acid-base balance.
List and explain the toxicity mechanisms
Cellular Metabolism
Defines metabolism
Explains the terms anabolism and catabolism
Explains the working principles of endothermic and exothermic reactions.
Will be able to explain energy
Defines free energy change.
Explains entropy changes.
Calculates the free energy change in anabolic and catabolic reactions
Describes the structure of ATP
Defines the structures of reduced equivalents
Explains the functions of reduced equivalents
Explains high-energy phosphate compounds and thioesters
Lists the energy usage purposes of the cell.
Explains the function of ATP.
Will be able to explain amino acids
Draws the chemical structure of amino acids
Classifies amino acids based on their side chains
Lists the properties of amino acid side chains
Draws the chemical structures of amino acids involved in protein synthesis
Names the essential amino acids.
Explains the chemical properties of amino acids
Recognizes the stereoisomeric structures of amino acids
Explains the acid/base and buffering properties of amino acids.
Explains the concept of isoelectric point
Draws the titration curves of amino acids
Will be able to explain proteins
Explains the function of amino acids not involved in protein structure
Defines proteins.
Explains the structures of proteins.
Defines the biological importance of proteins.
Draws the peptide bond.
Classifies peptides.
Draws the structures of peptides.
Explains the three-dimensional structures of proteins
Explains the chemical bonds involved in the three-dimensional structure of proteins.
Explains the buffering properties of proteins.
Explains the structure and function of hemoglobin and myoglobin proteins.
Explains protein denaturation
Explains body proteins and their functions.
Will be able to explain the digestion of proteins
Defines proteolysis
Explains the properties and functions of hormones involved in protein digestion
Explains the effect of the acidic environment of the stomach on protein digestion
Explains the properties of stomach-specific protein digestive enzymes.
Lists the protein digestion products formed in the stomach.
Explains the properties of protein digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas.
Explains protein digestion occurring in the small intestine
Will be able to explain the absorption of proteins
Explains the transport of amino acids into the intestinal epithelial cell.
Explains the passage of amino acids into the bloodstream
Will be able to explain protein metabolism
Writes the biosynthesis steps of amino acids
Writes the synthesis steps of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Explains the excretion products of amino acids
Explains the conversion of amino acids into biogenic amines.
Explains the metabolic pathways of the carbon skeletons of amino acids.
Explains the biochemical effects of ammonia in the organism.
Explains the transport reactions of ammonia formed in peripheral tissues.
Draws the reactions of urea biosynthesis.
Explains the excretion mechanism of urea.
Explains the degradation reactions of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Explains how protein metabolism is regulated
Will be able to explain enzymes
Defines enzymes.
Names enzymes.
Explains the structure of enzymes
Explains the functions of enzymes
Classifies enzymes.
Explains the enzyme-substrate interaction.
Explains how enzymes work.
Will be able to explain the catalytic activities of enzymes.
Explains activation energy.
Explains the effects of enzyme activation energy.
Explains the Michaelis-Menten equation.
Explains the reaction rate graph.
Explains the factors affecting enzyme activity.
Will be able to explain enzyme regulation.
Explains the terms activator and inhibitor
Explains the functions of regulatory enzymes.
Explains covalent modification.
Explains the Lineweaver-Burk equation.
Explains the types of inhibition.