IMMUNOLOGY

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Learning Outcomes

Will be able to explain the structure and properties of human microbiome.
Defines human microbiome.
Explains the characteristics of human microbiome.
Explains different flora regions in healthy individuals
List the different flora regions and microorganisms that can be found
Explain the relationship between microbiome and health.
Will be able to explain the change of microbiota with different factors and time.
Explains the change of microbiome with microbial, metabolic, genetic diseases.
Explains the change of normal flora with age.
Explains the change of microflora with hormones.
Define probiotics and prebiotics.
Explains the change of microbiota with antibiotic use
Explain the concepts of probiotic and prebiotic
Explains probiotic bacteria and health benefits.
Explains the change of nutrition and microflora.
Will be able to make general definitions about antimicrobials.
Defines antimicrobial substance.
List the sources of antimicrobial substances.
Explains the discovery of antimicrobial substances.
List the microorganisms used for antimicrobial production
will be able to explain the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance.
Explains the origin of microbial resistance and examples.
Explain the development of single and multi-step resistance.
Explain resistance mechanisms with examples.
Will be able to explain the basic concepts of immunology.
Defines immunology.
Defines antigen.
Defines antibody.
Defines haptogen.
Defines adjuvant.
Explain the structure of the immune system.
Sorts the cells of the immune system.
Lists the organs of the immune system.
Explain the structure and functions of immune system cells and organs.
will be able to explain natural immunity.
Explain the general characteristics of natural immunity
Counts the structures involved in natural immunity.
Explains the properties of natural immunity
Counts pathogen recognising receptors
Counts pathogen-associated molecular structures
Will be able to explain acquired immunity.
Counts the structures involved in acquired immunity
Explains the properties of acquired immunity
Explains the difference between acquired immunity and natural immunity
Will be able to define Cellular-Humoral Immune Mechanisms.
Explain the response mechanisms of the immune system to foreign cells or substances.
Explain the cellular immune response mechanism.
Explain the humoral immune response mechanism.
Explain the humoral immune response mechanism.
Explain T-B cell co-operation.
Explain T-B cell co-operation.
Explain antibody synthesis.
will be able to explain the mechanisms of complement system.
Defines the complement system
Explains the functions of the complement system.
Counts the pathways of the complement system
Explain the regulatory molecules of the complement system
Explains the diseases of the complement system.
Explain the functions of cytokines.
Defines cytokine.
Classifies cytokines.
Explain the role of cytokines in immune response.
Explain the functions of chemokines.
Explains chemokines and their functions
Classify chemokines
Explains the role of chemokines in immune response
Explain Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction.
Defines allergy. Counts allergens
Counts the cells involved in primary and secondary stimulation
Counts the mediators that cause allergy
Counts the steps of treatment and prevention
Explain Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction.
Explains antibody-mediated hypersensitivity.
Counts and explains related diseases
Will be able to explain Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction.
Explains the role of the immune complex in the reaction
Counts the differences from type 2 reaction
Counts the differences from type 2 reaction
Counts and explains the related diseases
will be able to explain Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction.
Counts the cells involved and their functions
Counts the cytokines involved
Counts the cytokines involved
Counts and explains the related diseases
will be able to explain the mechanism of immune tolerance.
Counts the mechanisms of tolerance.
Explains central T lymphocyte tolerance.
Explain peripheral T lymphocyte tolerance.
Explain B lymphocyte tolerance.
will be able to explain the mechanism of autoimmune diseases.
Defines immune suppression.
Explains nonspecific immunosuppression
Explains specific immunosuppression.
Counts immune suppressive cells involved in immune response
Will be able to explain the mechanism of immunodeficiency.
Explains the mechanism of cellular immunodeficiency.
Explain the mechanism of humoral immunodeficiency.
Explains primary immunodeficiencies
Explains secondary immunodeficiencies
Counts the factors involved in the development of immunodeficiency diseases
Will be able to explain Transplantation Immunology.
Counts the types of transplantation
Explain the immune mechanisms of tissue rejection.
Explain tissue compatibility antigens
Explains maternal tolerance to fetal tissues
Explain xenotransplantation
Will be able to explain what immunogenetics is.
Explains Immunological Diversity
Explains the mechanism of somatic gene rearrangement
Counts T lymphocyte developmental stages
Counts the stages of B-lymphocyte development
Will be able to define the relationship between immune system and cancer.
Detect Tumour Antigens
Counts the factors involved in the immune system against tumour cells
Explain the escape mechanisms of tumour cells from the immune system
Explain the immunotherapeutic methods developed for tumour cells
Explains CAR-T and CRISPR technologies
Explain Serology and Serological Tests.
Defines serology.
Classifies serological tests.
Explains serological panels in viral pathogens.
Explains serological tests against parasites
Explain serological tests against bacterial pathogens
Will be able to list the types of immunisation.
Explain the difference between active and passive immunisation
Will be able to count vaccine types.
Set vaccine types
Explains vaccine content
Explains the vaccination schedule for newborns and children
Explains vaccination follow-up in adults
Laboratory: Will be able to explain the disc diffusion method.
Explains the purpose of disc diffusion technique
List the steps of the disc diffusion technique
Laboratory: Will be able to explain Microbroth Dilution Technique.
Explains the purpose of microbroth diffusion technique.
Lists the steps of microbroth diffusion technique.
Laboratory: Will be able to explain the Macrobroth Dilution Technique.
Explains the purpose of macrobroth diffusion technique.
Lists the steps of macrobroth diffusion technique.
Explains the basic definitions of antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibition concentration, lethal dose, selective toxic effect, etc. ....)
Laboratory: Explain the evaluation of microbial content of different flora regions.
Explains in which medium the throat culture will be sown
Lists the stages of throat sample collection
Explain the culture media of enteric bacteria.
Explain how to evaluate the results macroscopically and microscopically
Laboratory: Vaccination schedule and Blood Group Identification Test will be able to explain.
The Ministry of Health explains the implementation of the vaccination schedule
Lists the blood groups
Explains the technique used in the evaluation of blood groups
Applies the steps used in the evaluation of blood groups.
Explains blood incompatibility tests.
Laboratory: Enzyme-induced Immunological Methods will be able to explain.
Counts the methods used in the detection of antigen and antibody
Interpret test results associated with pathogens
Laboratory Agglutination and Haemagglutination Methods will be able to explain.
Explains the terms agglutination and precipitation
Explains Agglutination reaction in solid and liquid media
Explains haemagglutination