PATHOLOGY

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Learning Outcomes

Will explain the science of pathology.
Defines pathology.
Explains the subfields of pathology and its relationship with other scientific disciplines.
Explains the concepts of homeostasis and cellular adaptation.
Will explain cellular adaptations.
Explains the concepts of homeostasis and cellular adaptation.
Explains the condition of hyperplasia.
Explains the condition of hypertrophy.
Explains the condition of atrophy.
Explains the condition of metaplasia.
Will explain cell injury.
Lists the causes of cell injury.
Lists the general principles of cell injury.
Lists the intracellular events affected by cell injury.
Lists the general biochemical mechanisms of cell injury.
Explains hypoxic, anoxic, and ischemic cell injury.
Explains ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Lists the molecules that increase and decrease in ischemic injury.
Explains cell injury caused by free radicals.
Lists the causes of free radical formation.
Lists the ways in which free radicals damage cells.
Lists the enzymes, vitamins, and minerals that protect cells against radicals.
Will explain intracellular accumulations.
Lists and explains intracellular accumulations (substances) that may cause cell injury.
Explains the causes of triglyceride accumulation in cells.
Lists pathological conditions observed as a result of triglyceride accumulation.
Explains the causes of cholesterol and cholesterol ester accumulation in cells.
Explains the causes of cholesterol and cholesterol ester accumulation in cells.
Explains the causes of protein accumulation in cells.
Lists pathological conditions observed as a result of protein accumulation.
Explains the causes of glycogen accumulation in cells.
Lists pathological conditions observed as a result of glycogen accumulation.
Defines pigment.
Lists exogenous pigments.
Lists endogenous pigments.
Provides examples of pathological conditions caused by pigments.
Defines pathological calcification.
Explains dystrophic calcification.
Explains metastatic calcification.
Will explain cellular aging and death.
Lists the metabolic changes observed in cellular aging.
Lists the morphological changes observed in cellular aging.
Explains necrosis.
Lists and explains the patterns of necrosis.
Lists the role of apoptosis in pathological events.
Will explain acute inflammation.
Defines inflammation.
Lists the differences between acute and chronic inflammation.
Lists the signs and causes of acute inflammation.
Lists the vascular changes that occur during acute inflammation.
Explains pathological conditions related to changes in vascular flow and diameter.
Lists and explains the cellular changes that occur during acute inflammation.
Explains pathological conditions related to margination and rolling.
Explains pathological conditions related to adhesion and transmigration.
Explains pathological conditions related to chemotaxis and activation.
Gives examples of chemotactic agents.
Lists the steps of phagocytosis formation.
Explains the mechanisms of degranulation, killing, and digestion.
Lists genetic or acquired leukocyte dysfunctions.
Lists the chemical mediators of inflammation and their sources.
Will explain chronic inflammation.
Lists the characteristics of chronic inflammation.
Lists the causes of chronic inflammation.
Lists the important cells and pathological conditions in chronic inflammation.
Will explain wound healing.
Explains the wound healing process.
Compares primary and secondary wound healing.
Lists the external and internal factors that affect wound healing.
Will explain edema.
Explains edema.
Explains the pathophysiology of edema.
Classifies the pathophysiological conditions caused by edema.
Will explain hyperemia and congestion.
Explains the concepts of hyperemia and congestion.
Explains the concept of hemorrhage.
Lists the pathophysiological conditions related to hemorrhage.
Will explain hemostasis and thrombosis.
Explains the concept of hemostasis.
Explains the concept of thrombosis.
Lists the elements of hemostasis and thrombosis.
Explains primary hemostasis.
Explains secondary hemostasis.
Explains the role of endothelin in hemostasis.
Explains the role of platelets in hemostasis.
Explains the coagulation cascade.
Explains the fibrinolytic cascade.
Explains Virchow's triad of thrombosis.
Lists the causes of endothelial damage.
Lists the causes of blood flow slowing.
Lists the causes of hypercoagulability.
Lists the conditions that thromboses can cause.
Explains venous thrombosis.
Explains arterial and cardiac thrombosis.
Will explain embolism.
Explains embolism.
Explains pulmonary thromboembolism.
Explains systemic thromboembolism.
Explains fat embolism.
Explains air embolism.
Explains amniotic fluid embolism.
Will explain shock.
Explains the condition of shock.
Lists the causes of shock.
Will explain neoplasia.
Explains neoplasia.
Defines benign tumor.
Defines malignant tumor.
Defines tumor components.
Names benign tumors based on parenchymal cell origin.
Names epithelial-derived benign tumors.
Names malignant tumors of mesenchymal tissues.
Defines mixed tumors and gives examples.
Defines mixed tumors and gives examples.
Defines teratoma tumors and gives examples.
Will explain the characteristics of benign and malignant tumors.
Lists the criteria by which benign and malignant tumors can be differentiated.
Explains the concepts of differentiation and anaplasia.
Defines anaplastic neoplasms and lists their characteristics.
Compares the growth rate of malignant and benign tumor cells.
Compares local invasion in malignant and benign tumor cells.
Explains the concept of metastasis.
Lists the pathways of metastasis in malignant neoplasms.
Will explain the epidemiology and etiology of cancer.
Explains cancer epidemiology.
Lists and provides examples of factors that cause cancer.
Lists the changes in malignant phenotypes.
Lists the effects of tumors on the host.
Explains cancer cachexia.
Explains paraneoplastic syndrome and provides examples.
Will explain environmental pollution.
Lists the causes of air pollution.
Lists indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
Lists the pathological conditions caused by air pollutants.
Lists industrial pollutants.
Lists the pathological conditions caused by industrial pollutants on organs/systems.
Defines pneumoconiosis.
Lists types of pneumoconiosis.
Lists the causes and sources of dust in pneumoconiosis.
Classifies and explains coal worker's pneumoconiosis.
Explains silicosis.
Explains asbestosis.
Explains berylliosis.
Will explain the harms of smoking.
Lists the substances found in tobacco smoke and their pathological effects.
Lists the tissues and organs affected by smoking.
Will explain damage caused by physical and chemical agents.
Provides examples of pathological effects caused by non-therapeutic chemical agents.
Provides examples of damage caused by physical agents.
Will explain protein-energy malnutrition.
Explains the appropriate diet components.
Compares primary and secondary malnutrition.
Explains protein-energy malnutrition.
Explains marasmus syndrome.
Explains kwashiorkor syndrome.
Will explain Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia.
Explains the Anorexia Nervosa syndrome.
Explains the Bulimia syndrome.
Will explain vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Lists vitamins and explains their deficiency syndromes.
Lists trace elements and explains their deficiency syndromes.
Will explain obesity.
Explains the pathological conditions that develop alongside obesity.