INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY AND BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES

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Learning Outcomes

Will be able to define pharmacology.
Defines pharmacology.
Will be able to define the subfields of pharmacology.
Lists the branches of pharmacology.
Explains the scopes of the branches of pharmacology.
Will be able to define treatment methods.
Distinguishes between radical, symptomatic, and palliative treatments.
Gives examples of radical, symptomatic, and palliative treatment methods.
Will be able to define a drug.
Defines a drug.
Will be able to explain drug sources.
Classifies drug sources.
Gives examples of drug sources.
Will be able to define the purposes of drug use.
Distinguishes between the purposes of drug use.
Gives examples of drugs used for diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.
Will be able to explain the characteristics of drug effects.
Explains the characteristics of drug effects.
Will be able to classify drugs.
Classifies drugs according to their chemical structures.
Classifies drugs according to their sites of action.
Classifies drugs according to their purposes of use.
Gives examples of drugs according to their purposes of use.
Will be able to name drugs.
Explains the concepts of generic name, proprietary name, and chemical name.
Distinguishes between a drug's generic name, proprietary name, and chemical name.
Gives examples of a drug's generic name, proprietary name, and chemical name.
Will be able to explain the stages of new drug development.
Distinguishes between preclinical and clinical research.
Explains the scope of preclinical research.
Explains the stages of clinical research.
Will be able to define the local routes of drug administration.
Defines local drug administration and lists the routes of administration.
Lists the drugs used locally.
Lists the pharmaceutical forms of drugs used locally.
Will be able to explain the systemic routes of drug administration.
Defines and classifies systemic drug administration.
Defines enteral drug administration and lists the routes of administration.
Defines oral drug administration.
Explains the absorption of drugs administered orally and lists the factors affecting absorption.
Explains the effect of food on drug absorption and gives examples.
Lists the pharmaceutical forms and characteristics of drugs used orally.
Defines first-pass elimination and enterohepatic cycle events, and gives examples of drugs.
Defines, classifies, and calculates bioavailability.
Defines and explains sublingual and buccal drug administration, and gives examples of drugs.
Defines and explains rectal drug administration, and gives examples of drugs.
Defines parenteral drug administration and lists the routes of administration.
Lists the pharmaceutical forms and characteristics of drugs used parenterally.
Defines transdermal drug administration and transdermal therapeutic systems, and gives examples of drugs.
Defines inhalation drug administration and gives examples of drugs.
Provides practical information on drug administration.
Will be able to explain absorption.
Defines and explains the absorption of drugs and the types of absorption.
Lists the factors affecting the rate of absorption and explains their impact on drug effect.
Defines the ionization of drugs and explains its importance.
Explains and classifies absorption kinetics, and gives examples of drugs.
Will be able to explain distribution.
Explains the distribution of drugs.
Relates distribution to elimination.
Explains distribution rate and special situations related to distribution, such as sequestration, redistribution, and ion trapping.
Defines, explains, and calculates the volume of distribution.
Explains distribution kinetics.
Will be able to explain metabolism.
Defines prodrug and gives examples.
Explains the biotransformation process and the basic characteristics of its enzymes.
Classifies and explains the types of enzymatic processes drugs undergo in biotransformation, and gives examples.
Explains non-enzymatic biotransformation and gives examples of drugs.
Explains the inhibition and induction of enzymes involved in biotransformation by drugs and environmental factors, and gives examples.
Defines and classifies hepatic clearance and elimination of drugs, and lists the factors affecting them.
Will be able to explain excretion.
Defines excretion of drugs, lists the routes of excretion, and gives examples of drugs.
Describes renal excretion mechanisms.
Defines and calculates renal clearance and total clearance.
Describes and calculates drug elimination kinetics and related parameters such as half-life.
Adjusts dosage in case of renal failure.
Explains dose-dependent kinetics and dose-independent kinetics and gives drug examples demonstrating these kinetics.
Will be able to explain the dose-concentration-effect relationship.
Defines the dose-concentration relationship.
Classifies, explains, and interprets plasma concentration time curves.
Calculates loading dose.
Defines the dose-effect or concentration-effect relationship.
Classifies, explains, and interprets curves showing dose-effect or concentration-effect relationships.
Evaluates drug potency and maximum effect.
Explains and evaluates minimum effective concentration, degree of effect, and selectivity of a drug.
Relates duration of action to dosage.
Will be able to explain drug action mechanisms.
Lists and explains drug action mechanisms, gives drug examples.
Defines, classifies receptors, and explains post-receptor events.
Relates drugs to receptors.
Explains ligand binding properties and selectivity of a receptor.
Defines and explains receptor theories and agonism.
Explains the terms agonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, competitive and non-competitive antagonist, relates them to receptor/effect, and gives drug examples.
Defines the concepts of efficacy and potency and makes drug comparisons.
Will be able to explain factors that modify drug effect.
Lists factors that modify drug effect.
Explains factors that modify drug effect.
Gives examples of factors that modify drug effect.
Explains the concept of compliance.
Will be able to explain the history and scope of toxicology.
Defines toxicology.
Explains toxicological research topics.
Explains the historical development of toxicology.
Will be able to define the principles of toxicology.
Classifies toxicology.
Explains the relationships of toxicology with other disciplines.
Lists the general characteristics of toxic response.
Classifies toxic substances.
Explains the unwanted effects of chemical substances.
Explains the effect of exposure on the formation of toxic effects.
Explains the dose-response relationships in toxic effects.
Explains variations in toxic response.
Explains descriptive animal toxicity tests.
Will be able to explain the mechanisms of toxicity.
Explains the mechanisms of transport from the exposure site to the target.
Explains the reactions between the toxic substance and the target.
Explains cellular dysfunctions and the resulting toxic effects.
Explains repair and repair disorders.
Will be able to explain risk assessment.
Defines risk assessment.
Explains the risk assessment processes.
Defines the perception of risk.
Explains ecological risk assessment.
Explains risk assessment in veterinary medicines.
Will be able to explain chemical carcinogenesis.
Defines chemical carcinogenesis.
Explains multistage carcinogenesis.
Classifies the mechanisms of action of chemical carcinogens.
Explains the test systems used in the identification of carcinogens.
Classifies chemical carcinogens in humans.
Will be able to explain genetic toxicology.
Explains the effects of genetic changes on health.
Explains cancer and genetic risk assessment.
Classifies and explains the induction mechanisms of genetic changes.
Explains the methods for detecting genetic errors.
Will be able to explain developmental toxicology.
Explains the scope of developmental toxicity.
Explains the principles of developmental toxicology.
Classifies and explains the mechanisms of developmental toxicology.
Explains pharmacokinetic and metabolism processes during pregnancy.
Explains the relationship between the mother and developmental toxicology.
Explains the effects of endocrine disruptors on developmental toxicology.
Explains modern safety assessments.
Will be able to explain the toxic effects of pesticides.
Defines pesticides.
Explains the uses of pesticides.
Explains the exposure conditions to pesticides.
Explains poisoning cases in humans associated with pesticides.
Explains the legal regulations related to pesticides.
Classifies insecticides.
Explains the toxicity signs and symptoms induced by insecticides, as well as their mechanisms of action.
Explains the treatment principles in insecticide-induced poisoning.
Classifies herbicides.
Explains the toxicity signs and symptoms induced by herbicides, as well as their mechanisms of action.
Explains the treatment principles in herbicide-induced poisoning.
Classifies fungicides.
Explains the toxicity signs and symptoms induced by fungicides, as well as their mechanisms of action.
Explains the treatment principles in fungicide-induced poisoning.
Classifies rodenticides.
Explains the toxicity signs and symptoms induced by rodenticides, as well as their mechanisms of action.
Explains the treatment principles in rodenticide-induced poisoning.
Classifies fumigants.
Explains the toxicity signs and symptoms induced by fumigants, as well as their mechanisms of action.
Explains the treatment principles in fumigant-induced poisoning.
Will be able to explain the toxic effects of metals.
Defines metal compounds.
Explains the movement of metals in the environment.
Classifies the chemical mechanisms of metal toxicity.
Classifies the chemical mechanisms of metal toxicity.
Classifies and explains the factors affecting metal toxicity.
Explains the biomarkers of metal exposure.
Lists the major toxic metals.
Explains the exposure conditions to arsenic.
Explains the toxicity profile of arsenic.
Explains the exposure conditions to cadmium.
Explains the toxicity profile of cadmium.
Explains the exposure conditions to lead.
Explains the toxicity profile of lead.
Explains the exposure conditions to mercury.
Explains the toxicity profile of mercury.
Explains the exposure conditions to nickel.
Explains the toxicity profile of nickel.
Lists essential metals with potential toxicity.
Explains the toxicity profile of copper.
Explains the toxicity profile of iron.
Explains the toxicity profile of zinc.
Lists metals related to medical treatment.
Explains the toxicity profile of aluminum.
Explains the toxicity profile of lithium.
Explains the toxicity profile of platinum.
Will be able to define the toxic effects of solvents and gases.
Explains solvent abuse.
Explains potential vulnerable subpopulations.
Lists chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Explains the toxic mechanisms of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Explains the toxic effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Lists aromatic hydrocarbons.
Explains the toxic mechanisms of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Explains the toxic effects of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Lists alcohols.
Explains the toxic mechanisms of alcohols.
Explains the toxic effects of alcohols.
Lists glycols.
Explains the toxic mechanisms of glycols.
Explains the toxic effects of glycols.
Lists automobile fuels and additives.
Explains the toxic effects of automobile fuels and additives.
Will be able to explain the toxic effects of radiation and radioactive materials.
Classifies the types of ionizing radiation.
Explains radiation activity and dose units.
Explains the non-target effects of radiation.
Explains the exposure profile to occupational radiation and radioactive materials.
Explains the exposure profile to non-occupational radiation and radioactive materials.
Will be able to explain the toxic effects of plants and animals.
Explains the characteristics of plant toxins.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the skin.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the respiratory tract.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the gastrointestinal system.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the cardiovascular system.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the liver.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the kidneys.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the blood.
Explains the toxic effects of plant toxins on the nervous system.
Explains the characteristics of animal toxins.
Explains the toxicity profiles of venomous scorpion species.
Explains the toxicity profiles of venomous spider species.
Explains the toxicity profiles of venomous tick species.
Explains the toxicity profiles of venomous snake species.
Explains the toxicity profiles of venomous bee species.
Will be able to define environmental toxicology.
Defines environmental toxicology.
Explains the scope of environmental toxicology.
Explains the environmental toxic effects of nanomaterials.
Explains the sources of air pollution and individual exposures.
Classifies outdoor air pollutants.
Explains the toxic effects of outdoor air pollutants.
Classifies indoor air pollutants.
Explains the toxic effects of indoor air pollutants.
Will be able to explain ecotoxicology.
Defines ecotoxicology.
Explains the scope of ecotoxicology.
Classifies the effects of toxic substances on ecosystems.
Defines the concepts related to ecological risk assessment.
Explains the connections between human health and ecosystem integrity.
Will be able to explain food toxicology.
Defines food toxicology.
Explains the scope of food toxicology.
Explains the safety standards for foods, food components, and contaminants.
Defines adverse reactions caused by food and food components.
Lists the toxic substances found in foods.
Explains the toxic effects of toxic substances found in foods.
Will be able to define analytical and forensic toxicology.
Defines analytical toxicology.
Explains the scope of analytical toxicology.
Explains the role of analytical toxicology in forensic toxicology.
Explains the role of analytical toxicology in clinical toxicology.
Explains the role of analytical toxicology in drug monitoring.
Defines forensic toxicology.
Explains the toxicological investigation processes in deaths resulting from poisoning.
Will be able to explain clinical toxicology.
Defines clinical toxicology.
Explains the scope of clinical toxicology.
Lists the poison control centers.
Explains the clinical approach in the treatment of a poisoned patient.
Will be able to explain occupational toxicology.
Defines occupational toxicology.
Explains the scope of occupational toxicology.
Explains workplaces, exposures, and standards.
Explains the toxicological assessment of occupational agents.
Defines the monitoring of exposure.
Explains the methods of exposure monitoring.
Will be able to explain pharmacovigilance.
Defines pharmacovigilance.
Defines an unexpected adverse effect.
Defines a serious adverse effect.
Lists the criteria necessary for an adverse effect to be reportable.
Lists the healthcare professionals who can report.
Lists the information that should be included in a report.
Explains invalid report examples.
Explains the responsibilities of healthcare institutions and organizations.
Explains the responsibilities of healthcare professionals.
Explains the scope and objectives of periodic safety update reports.
Lists the requirements for associating an adverse response with a drug.
Explains the principles of benefit-risk assessment related to drugs.
Lists the approaches applied in the development of the benefit-risk balance.
Explains the conditions for market withdrawal of a product based on risk-benefit rationale.
Lists the practices related to the announcement of safety evaluation results for a drug.